The healing property of honey has been known since ancient times, with its usage dating back centuries. In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in honey's medicinal benefits. This resurgence can be attributed to the overuse and misuse of antibiotics, leading to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria. As a result, healthcare providers and researchers are turning back to honey as a natural and effective alternative for combating bacterial infections.
One of the key reasons for honey's effectiveness as an antibacterial agent is its unique composition. Honey contains natural antibacterial properties that can help inhibit the growth of bacteria and prevent infection. Additionally, honey helps maintain a moist wound environment, which is essential for the healing process. The high viscosity of honey forms a protective barrier over wounds, shielding them from external contaminants and promoting faster healing. Furthermore, honey has been found to have anti-inflammatory properties, which can help reduce swelling and pain associated with wounds. Its antioxidant content also plays a role in promoting tissue regeneration and overall wound healing. The diverse range of beneficial compounds found in honey, including enzymes, vitamins, and minerals, contribute to its therapeutic effects on wounds.
Equine wounds, especially those located on the lower limbs, present a significant challenge in the healing process due to various factors that come into play. The thinness of the skin in these areas makes it more vulnerable to damage, and when coupled with the non-sterile environment in which horses typically reside, the risk of complications significantly increases. It is estimated that complications arise in a substantial percentage, up to 75%, of wound repairs, with injuries on the lower limbs being particularly prone to issues.
One of the primary reasons behind the high failure rate in wound repairs is the prevalence of infections. The lower limbs, being in close contact with the ground and often exposed to dirt and bacteria, are more susceptible to microbial invasion, which can impede the healing process and lead to further complications. Additionally, the limited availability of extra tissue to suture the wound closed without causing tension poses a significant challenge. Tension on the wound site can hinder proper healing, increase the risk of dehiscence, and result in poor cosmetic outcomes.
Researchers recently conducted a study with medical-grade honey to determine its effect on equine wounds and learned it significantly improved healing rates. Medical-grade honey has been sterilized by gamma irradiation to eliminate any naturally occurring bacteria or spores. The study involved 127 horses, 69 of which were treated with medical-grade honey. The study results indicated that 50% of the horses treated with medical grade honey healed completely by the time sutures were removed vs. only 31% of the non-treated horses. The study also revealed that medical-grade honey placed inside wounds at the time of repair did not result in any adverse effects, and significantly fewer infections occurred in honey-treated horses.
It’s crucial to only use medical-grade honey, not grocery store-bought honey, for wound care. Non-medical-grade honey may contain bacterial spores that can cause botulism or gangrene. Medical-grade honey is available in several forms, such as natural form, ointments, gels, and infused bandages. Owners should be aware that flies are attracted to the sugars in honey, and in its natural form, honey is quite sticky and will attract debris. For large wounds, honey-infused bandages may be the most efficient. Warmed honey can also be soaked into absorbent bandage material. Gels, which are water-based and less sticky, may make it easier to keep wounds that will be left uncovered clean.
Medical-grade honey is usually most beneficial during the initial phases of wound healing because it aids in reducing inflammation and eliminating necrotic tissue. However, it may be less effective in the later stages of wound healing due to its natural ability to draw moisture and potentially overdry the wound tissue. It is crucial to seek advice from your veterinarian on the most suitable approach for any wound, but incorporating medical-grade honey into your arsenal of wound care products could prove to be valuable.
References:
Mandel, H.H., G.A. Sutton, E. Abu, et al. Intra-lesional application of medical grade honey improves healing of surgically treated lacerations in horses. Equine Veterinary Journal. In press.
Honey for Wound Healing in Horses. May 8th, 2019. Kentucky Equine Research Staff.
The Healing Power of Honey. July 25th, 2019. Equus Magazine.
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